GENERAL INFORMATION

Flying Squirrels are common residents of many forested areas in the eastern United States. Because of their nocturnal activities, many people are unaware of the presence of these small mammals. In Western North Carolina, two flying squirrel species occur. The Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) is very abundant and widespread while the Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) is a rare resident in North Carolina, being found here only on the highest peaks in the cool spruce/fir forest zone.

DESCRIPTION

The Southern Flying Squirrel is the smallest squirrel in our area. Adults weigh between 2 and 3 1/2 ounces. The dense, soft fur is grayish-brown above and a creamy white underneath. The eyes of the flying squirrel are exceptionally large in relation to its body size. The most noticeable feature is the loose fold of skin which extends from the wrists of the forearm to the ankles of the hind legs. This fold of skin is stretched when the legs are extended to form a wing-like surface that allows the flying squirrel to glide from tree to tree. The tail is furred and flattened.

HABITS AND HABITATS

Flying Squirrels are nocturnal animals, becoming active only after dark. They eat a variety of different foods such as berries, fruits, acorns, and nuts. They will also feed on animal matter such as insects, nesting birds and eggs, and the flesh of dead animals. Like other squirrels, flying squirrels often store food for the winter months. Flying squirrels nest primarily in tree cavities, especially abandoned woodpecker holes, but may also construct summer nests of leaves, twigs, and bark. During the winter, many Flying Squirrels will often den together. Breeding takes place in January and February and again in June and July. Litters usually range from 1 to 6 individuals with 2 to 3 being the average. The young are born blind and hairless with their eyes and ears closed. By four weeks of age, the young are covered with hair and their eyes are open. They are weaned by six weeks of age but remain with their mother until the next litter is born. Southern Flying Squirrels are found primarily in mature hardwoods and mixed conifer-hardwood forests, especially those with old growth trees which produce abundant food and plenty of cavities for nesting and denning.

HISTORY

Southern Flying Squirrels are abundant throughout their range and are adaptable animals, often living close to human residences. If there is a lack of suitable natural denning sites, flying squirrels will often take up residence in attics or abandoned buildings, especially during the winter months. They are easily attracted to nesting boxes and can often be found feeding from bird feeders at night. They can often be approached quite closely and are easily observed at bird feeders as long as you move slowly and quietly. Flying squirrels are sometimes kept as pets, a practice that is illegal without special captive permits.

INFORMATION LINKS

Squirrel Place
Squirrel Wildlife Rehabilitation

This article may be reproduced for classroom use by students and educators but may not be reprinted otherwise without written consent from the Nature Center.
©2002 WNC Nature Center